Algorithms and Flowchart

Algorithms and Flowchart

Algorithms & Flowchart

1

• In programming, algorithm are the set of well defined instruction in sequence to solve a program. An algorithm should always have a clear stopping point.

• An algorithm (pronounced AL-go-rith-um) is a procedure or formula for solving a problem. The word derives from the name of the mathematician, Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khwarizmi, who was part of the royal court in Baghdad and who lived from about 780 to 850. Al-Khwarizmi's work is the likely source for the word algebra as well.

• A computer program can be viewed as an elaborate algorithm. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm usually means a small procedure that solves a recurrent problem.

2

• A flowchart is a formalized graphic representation of a logic sequence, work or manufacturing process, organization chart, or similar formalized structure. The purpose of a flow chart is to provide people with a common language or reference point when dealing with a project or process.
• Flowcharts use simple geometric symbols and arrows to define relationships. In programming, for instance, the beginning or end of a program is represented by an oval.  A process is represented by a rectangle, a decision is represented by a diamond and an I/O process is represented by a parallelogram. The Internet is represented by a cloud. 

Algorithms

1. A sequential solution of any program that written in human language,called algorithm.
2. Algorithm is first step of the solution process, after the analysis of problem, programmer write the algorithm of that problem.
3. Example of Algorithms:

Q. Write a algorithem to find out number is odd or even?

Ans. 

step 1 : start

step 2 : input number

step 3 : rem=number mod 2

step 4 : if rem=0 then

               print "number even"

           else

               print "number odd"

           endif

step 5 : stop

Flowchart

1. Graphical representation of any program is called flowchart.
2. There are some standard graphics that are used in flowchart as following:

Figure: Start/Stop terminal box

Figure: Input/Output box

Figure: Process/Instruction box

Figure: Lines or Arrows

Figure: Decision box

Figure: Connector box

Figure: Comment box

Figure: Preparation box

Figure: Separate box

Q. Make a flowchart to input temperature, if temperature is less than 32 then print "below freezing" otherwise print  "above freezing"?
Ans.

Figure: Flowchart example of C program